41. Bleeding time 2-6 minutes
[Bleeding time prolonged in thrombocytopenic anaemia]
42. Clotting time 6-12 minutes
*Clotting time is prolonged in Hemophilia, Liver disease & Ca++defeciency*
43. Gives the indication of blood grouping
* Blood transfusion
o Medico legal use in forensic medicine
o Determination of paternity
[Universal donor “O” blood group]
[Universal recipient “AB” blood group]
44. What are the major blood group systems?
* ABO system
* Rh system
* MNs system
45. Principle of blood grouping:
* The blood group is determined by the presence of antigen in the red cell membrane.
46. Parts of perimeter
ü Adjustable chin rest
ü Chin stand
ü Color object
ü Rotatable metallic arc
ü Black disc
ü Fixation point
ü Pointer
ü Measuring scale
ü Lever scale
ü Angle scale
47. Preparation of acid hematin
* The product form after destruction of red blood cells by N/10 HCL is called acid hematin.The HCL ruptures the red blood cells and Hb is released into the solution. Then the acid acts on the Hb and converts it into acid hematin, which is brown yellow in colour.
48. RBC fluid
* Dacies fluid
Composition:
* Trisodium citrate– 3.13gm
* HCHO(37% formalin)–1ml
* Distilled water—100ml
Function:
HCHO—- for destruction of WBC
Trisodium citrate— for prevention of hemolysis of RBC
49. WBC Fluid
v Turks fluid
* 1% glacial acetic acid –1.5ml
o Gentian violet 1% sol — 1.5ml
o Distilled water————100ml
Function:
ü acetic acid cause hemolysis of RBC
ü Gention violet stains the nuclei of WBC
ü Distilled water act as solvent
50. Normal range of ESR
In westergren tube
* Male—- 0 to 6mm in 1st hour
* Female— 0 to 12 mm in 1st hour.
v In wintrobe tube
* Male—- 0 to 12mm in 1st hour
* Female—0 to 18mm in 1st hour
51. What is visual acuity?
* Visual acuity is the power of the eyes to resolve two stimuli separated in space.
**Normal visual acuity 6/6**
52. Math
PCV x 10
MCV =
RBC COUNT IN MILLION/mm3
45 x 10
= = 90fl
5million/mm3
Normal range: 78 – 96fl (87)
Hb(gm/dl) x 10
MCH =
RBC count in million/mm3
15 x 10
= = 30pg
5
Normal range : 27 – 33pg
Hb (gm/100ml)
MCHC = × 100
PCV/100ml
15
= × 100
45
= 33.3%
Normal range: 30-36% g/dl
53. Visual field
* The space that is visualized by fixing one eye is called visual field.
54. Common site of recording body temperature
* Oral-under the tongue
* Axilla
* Groin
* Rectum
55. Root value of jerk
v Ankle jerk – S1,2
v Knee jerk –L1,2,3
v Biceps jerk – C5.6
56. Range of audible sound
* 20-20,000cycles per sec/Hz
Sound pitch
Male -120Hz
Female -250Hz
57. Parts of stained blood film
* Head
* Body
* Tail
58. Decibel scales for common sounds
* 160-jetplane with after burner
* 140-pain
* 120-discomfort
* 100-subway,live rock music
* 80- heavy traffic
* 60- normal conversation
* 20- whisper
* 0- threshold of hearing(0.0002dyne/cm2)
**Normal range of audible sound in decibel is 0-60db**
59. Write down the 5 components of the reflex arc of the knee jerk
ü Receptor- patellar tendon
ü Afferent limb- femoral nerve
ü Center- lumber /L2,3,4
ü Efferent limb- femoral nerve
ü Effectors organ- quadriceps femoris muscle
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