ORAL STRUCTURE PRACTICAL EXAMINATION(OSPE)

(published by Khurshed BGCTMC)

1. RBC diluting pipette

Identification

a) It has shaft, rubber tube & mouth piece

b)  The bulb is dialated part & contains a red bead/lead

c)  It has three markings:- 0.5,1&101

Use:

• For dilution of RBC
• Total count of RBC
• Total count of WBC in case of leukemia
• Total count of Platelets

2. WBC diluting pipette

Identification:

a)   It has shaft, rubber tube & mouth piece

b) The bulb is dialated part & contains a white bead

c) It has three markings:- 0.5,1&11

Use:

• For dilution of WBC
• Total count of WBC
• Total count of Platelets,CSF,Spermatozoa

3. Hemoglobin estimation tube

Identification

a)  It is graduated in gm percent(2-24%) on one side & in percentage(20-140%) in opposite side

Use:

• For estimation of HB

4. HB Level

a) At birth   23 gm/dl

b) 3^rd month  10 gm/dl

c)  Adult male 14-18gm/dl

d) Adult female  12-16gm/dl

e) At 1st year  12gm/dl

5. Neutrophil slide

Identification

a)  Cell shape: round

b)  Nucleus: multilobed

c)  Nuclear stain: violet/brown

d) Cytoplasm: filled with radish brown granules

6. Causes of neutrophilia

Physiological:

a)   Physical exercise

b)   Pregnancy

c) Parturition

d)  Food intake

e)   Emotional stress

Pathological Cause:

1. Acute infection
2. Acute hemorrhage
3. Trauma
4. MI
5. Chronic myeloid leukemia

7. Anticoagulants

Natural anticoagulant

• Heparin
• Antithrombin III
• Fibrin threads
• Protein C

Artificial anticoagulant:

• EDTA
• Oxalates of Na & K⁺
• Sodium & K⁺ citrate
• Heparin
• Normal saline

8.  6/12 Interpretation

Ans: Myopia

It means the person can not read beyond 12 miter lines from 6 miter distance.

9. Name the oil immersion

• Cedar wood oil
• Liquid paraffin

Function:

• To increase the numerical aperture thus the resolving power of the objective
• To see greater details of cell at higher magnification
• It is used only for blood smears

10. 10ml decinormal solution preparation (N/10Hcl)

Ans:

Mixing 36gm of Hcl in 1L of distilled water gives normal Hcl & diluting it 10 times will give N/10Hcl solution.

Use:

• N/10Hcl is used in estimate hemoglobin in acid haematin method.

11. Largest cell of peripheral blood film

Ans: Monocyte

Function:

• Phagocytosis
• Remove virus & cellular debris

12. Improved neubauer’s counting chamber

Use:

• Total count of RBC
• Total count of WBC
• Total count of cell in body fluids
• Total count of spermatozoa in seminal fluid

13. In which Hb% estimate indicate polycythemia?

Ans: 120%gm/dl

14. Parts of tuning fork

• Base
• Handle
• Frongs

Use:

• Hearing test
• Vibration sense test

15. Parts of percussion hummer

• Handle
• Rubber pad

Rubber end- for deep reflex

Metallic end -for Superficial reflex

Use:

• Elicitation of jerk

16. Identification

Ans: Clinical Thermometer

Parts:

• Mercury bulb
• Mercury curve
• Mercury scale

17. HB pipette

Identification:

• It has marking 0.2
• It has no bulb

Use:

• For estimation of HB

18. Causes of leucocytosis

Physiological :

• Physical exercise
• Cold bath
• Pregnancy
• Parturition

Pathological:

• Hemorrhage
• Tissue injury:burn,surgery
• Inflammatory disorder
• Diabetic ketoacidosis
• Arthritis

19. Causes of monocytosis

• Malaria
• Kalazar
• Hodgkin’s disease
• Monocytic leukemia

20. Causes of basophilia

• Young infant
• During menstruation

21. Causes of anaemia

• Hook warm infestation
• Malnutrition
• Peptic ulcer
• Excessive menstrual bleeding
• Piles
• Frequent pregnancies

22. ESR increase

• Tuberculosis
• Myocardial infection
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Multiple myeloma
• Malignant disease

ESR decrease:

• Polycythemia
• Sickle cell anaemia
• Congestive cardiac failure
• Spherocytosis
• hypofibrinogenemia

23. Eusinophil increase

• Asthma
• Helmincytosis
• Eczema
• Sarcoidosis

24. Lymphocyte increase

• Tuberculosis
• Water loss
• Chest pain
• Fever in evening time

25. Causes of Pancytopenia

• Aplastic anaemia
• Megaloblastic anaemia
• Cytotoxic drugs
• Radiotherapy
• Bone marrow infiltration

26. Blood cell count

RBC Count

• Male    : 4.5 – 5.5 million/cu mm of blood

: 4.5 – 5.5 X 1O¹²/L

• Female: 4.0  – 5 million/cu mm of blood

: 4.0 – 5 X 10¹²/L

WBC Count: 4000 -  11000/cu mm of blood

: 4.0 –  11.0 X 10⁹/L

Platelet Count:150000 -  350000/cu mm of blood

:150 -  350 X 10⁹L

27. Wintrobes ESR tube

Use:

• Determination of ESR(0-10)
• Determination of hematocrit(10-0)

28. Name some immune cell

• Antigen presenting cell
• T & B lymphocyte
• Natural killer cell
• Antibody depending cytotoxic cell

Function:

• Process antigen for preventing of T lymphocyte
• T lymphocyte for cellular immunity
• B lymphocyte for humeral immunity
• Kill virus, infected & cancellous cell

29. Causes of PCV Increase

Physiological cause

• High altitude
• Excessive sweating

Pathological cause:

• Polycythemia
• Condition in which there is Haemoconcentration

30. Causes of PCV decrease

Physiological cause:

• Pregnancy
• Excess H₂O intake

Pathological cause:

• Various types of anaemia
• Hyperaldosteronism

31. Anticoagulant of ESR

• 3.8% Sodium citrate

32. Anticoagulant of PCV

• Double oxalate(Paul Heller’s mixture)
  • K⁺ oxalate                         0.8gm
  • Ammonium oxalate         1.2gm
  • Distilled water                  100ml

33. Why RBC is not proven in differential count WBC?

• In differential count of WBC we use WBC fluid which contains acetic acid  causes hemolysis of RBC That’s why

RBC is not proven in differential count of WBC.

34. Function of Eosinophil

• Defense against parasitic infections
• Inactivation of histamine
• Release fibrinolysine, which dissolves fibrin clot

35. Function of basophil

• Basophils participate in acute hypersensitivity
• Heparin prevents intravascular clotting
• Heparin is a cofactor for lipoprotein lipase, so basophil plays a role in fat metabolism

36. Function of neutrophil

• Ingest and kill bacteria
• Play important role in acute inflammation
• It secretes platelets  activating factor
• Neutrophils have a unique enzyme system

37. Leishman stain

Composition :

a)   Leishman powder:  0.2gm

• Eosin (acidic dye )
• Methylene blue( basic dye)

b)   Acetone free methyl alcohol : 100ml

Functions:

1. Eosin stains the cytoplasm pinkish
2. Methylene blue- stains the nuclear chromatin blue violet
3. Methyl alcohol fixes the smear to the slide

38. Maturation factors of RBC

• Vitamin B₁₂ acts as a coenzyme in DNA synthesis
• Folic acid acts as catalyst in DNA synthesis
• Intrinsic factor helps in absorption of vitamin B₁₂ from the gut.

39. Four types of blood pressure

• Systolic BP ——- 110-140mmHg
• Diastolic BP——  60-90mmHg
• Pulse pressure—-  40-60mmHg
• Mean pressure—- 76-96mmHg

40. Mentions two indications of Hb estimation

• To detect anaemia
• To calculate MCV,MCHC for detection of types of anaemia